South Korea is a country rich in traditions, and one of the most visible cultural practices you will notice is bowing. Whether you are greeting a friend, thanking someone, or showing deep respect, bowing is an essential part of Korean etiquette. If you are new to South Korea, understanding the different types of bows and when to use them can help you navigate social interactions with confidence.
Why Do Koreans Bow?
Bowing, known as "인절 " (injeol), is a fundamental way to show respect in South Korea. It is deeply rooted in Confucian values, which emphasize respect for elders, hierarchy, and social harmony. Unlike in Western cultures where a handshake or a simple “hello” may suffice, in South Korea, a bow conveys sincerity and acknowledgment of another person’s status or kindness.
When and How to Bow
Bows vary depending on the situation and the level of formality. Here are the most common types:
1. Casual Bow (Light Nod – 15 Degrees)
Used in everyday situations, such as greeting friends, colleagues, or younger people.
A simple nod of the head or a slight bow from the waist is sufficient.
Often accompanied by a friendly “안녕하세요” (annyeonghaseyo) meaning “hello”.
2. Polite Bow (Standard Bow – 30 Degrees)
Used when meeting someone for the first time, thanking someone, or showing respect in a business setting.
Performed by bending the waist at about a 30-degree angle with your hands at your sides.
Often used when saying “감사합니다” (gamsahamnida) meaning “thank you” or “죄송합니다” (joesonghamnida) meaning “I’m sorry”.
3. Deep Bow (Formal Bow – 45 Degrees or More)
A sign of deep respect, gratitude, or apology.
Common in professional settings, traditional ceremonies, or when expressing sincere apologies.
Hands should remain at the sides, and the bow should be held for a few seconds.
4. Kneeling Bow (큰절 – Keunjeol)
The most formal and respectful bow, performed by kneeling and touching the forehead to the floor.
Seen during ancestral rituals, traditional weddings, and major holidays like Seollal (Lunar New Year) and Chuseok (Korean Thanksgiving).
Common Situations Where Bowing is Expected
Greeting Elders & Superiors: Always bow first when meeting older people, teachers, or employers.
Business Meetings: Bow when entering or leaving a business meeting.
Expressing Gratitude or Apologies: A deeper bow shows sincerity when thanking someone or apologizing.
During Holidays & Ceremonies: Families perform deep bows to elders during Seollal and Chuseok.
Bowing vs. Handshakes
Koreans sometimes shake hands, especially in business settings. However, a handshake is often combined with a bow. If shaking hands with an older or higher-status person, use both hands to show additional respect.
A Few Extra Tips for Foreigners
Don’t overthink it! Even if you don’t bow perfectly, making an effort is appreciated.
When in doubt, follow the lead of those around you.
If you receive a deep bow, reciprocate with the same level of respect.
In very informal situations, a nod or slight bow will suffice.
Final Thoughts
Bowing is more than just a gesture in South Korea—it is a reflection of respect, gratitude, and social harmony. Learning the basics of bowing etiquette will help you make a positive impression and show cultural appreciation. Whether you are visiting South Korea for the first time or planning a long-term stay, understanding when and how to bow will help you navigate daily interactions with ease. So next time you say “안녕하세요” (annyeonghaseyo), add a polite bow and experience the warmth of Korean culture firsthand!
